DESCRIPTION: Warm (red) and cold (blue) episodes based on a threshold of +/- 0.5oC for the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) [3 month running mean of ERSST.v3b SST anomalies in the Niño 3.4 region (5oN-5oS, 120o-170oW)], based on centered 30-year base periods updated every 5 years. For historical purposes cold and warm episodes (blue and red colored numbers) are defined when the threshold is met for a minimum of 5 consecutive over-lapping seasons.
Year |
DJF |
JFM |
FMA |
MAM |
AMJ |
MJJ |
JJA |
JAS |
ASO |
SON |
OND |
NDJ |
1950 |
-1.4 |
-1.3 |
-1.2 |
-1.2 |
-1.1 |
-0.9 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
1951 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
0.0 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
1952 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
1953 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
1954 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.1 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
1955 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-1.1 |
-1.4 |
-1.7 |
-1.6 |
1956 |
-1.1 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
1957 |
-0.3 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
1.0 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.5 |
1.8 |
1958 |
1.8 |
1.6 |
1.2 |
0.9 |
0.7 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
1959 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
1960 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
1961 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
-0.1 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
1962 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
1963 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.4 |
1.3 |
1964 |
1.1 |
0.6 |
0.1 |
-0.4 |
-0.6 |
-0.6 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
1965 |
-0.6 |
-0.3 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
1.7 |
1.9 |
1.9 |
1.7 |
1966 |
1.4 |
1.1 |
0.9 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
1967 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
1968 |
-0.6 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.5 |
-0.2 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
1969 |
1.1 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
0.9 |
0.8 |
1970 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.5 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-1.0 |
1971 |
-1.2 |
-1.3 |
-1.1 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-0.9 |
-0.8 |
1972 |
-0.6 |
-0.3 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
1.6 |
1.9 |
2.1 |
2.1 |
1973 |
1.8 |
1.2 |
0.6 |
-0.1 |
-0.5 |
-0.8 |
-1.0 |
-1.2 |
-1.3 |
-1.6 |
-1.9 |
-2.0 |
1974 |
-1.9 |
-1.6 |
-1.2 |
-1.0 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.6 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
1975 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-1.0 |
-1.1 |
-1.2 |
-1.4 |
-1.5 |
-1.6 |
-1.7 |
1976 |
-1.5 |
-1.1 |
-0.7 |
-0.5 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.6 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
1977 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
1978 |
0.7 |
0.5 |
0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.1 |
-0.1 |
1979 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
1980 |
0.5 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
1981 |
-0.4 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
1982 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
1.5 |
1.9 |
2.1 |
2.2 |
1983 |
2.2 |
1.9 |
1.5 |
1.2 |
0.9 |
0.6 |
0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.5 |
-0.8 |
-0.9 |
-0.8 |
1984 |
-0.5 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.6 |
-0.9 |
-1.1 |
1985 |
-1.0 |
-0.9 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
-0.4 |
1986 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.9 |
1.1 |
1.2 |
1987 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1.1 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
1.4 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.1 |
1988 |
0.8 |
0.5 |
0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.8 |
-1.2 |
-1.3 |
-1.2 |
-1.3 |
-1.6 |
-1.9 |
-1.9 |
1989 |
-1.7 |
-1.5 |
-1.1 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
1990 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
1991 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
1.2 |
1.4 |
1992 |
1.6 |
1.5 |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.0 |
0.7 |
0.3 |
0.0 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
0.0 |
1993 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.6 |
0.5 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
1994 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
1995 |
1.0 |
0.8 |
0.6 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.0 |
-0.2 |
-0.4 |
-0.7 |
-0.8 |
-0.9 |
-0.9 |
1996 |
-0.9 |
-0.8 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.5 |
1997 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.1 |
0.2 |
0.7 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
1.8 |
2.1 |
2.3 |
2.4 |
2.3 |
1998 |
2.2 |
1.8 |
1.4 |
0.9 |
0.4 |
-0.2 |
-0.7 |
-1.0 |
-1.2 |
-1.3 |
-1.4 |
-1.5 |
1999 |
-1.5 |
-1.3 |
-1.0 |
-0.9 |
-0.9 |
-1.0 |
-1.0 |
-1.1 |
-1.1 |
-1.3 |
-1.5 |
-1.7 |
2000 |
-1.7 |
-1.5 |
-1.2 |
-0.9 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.6 |
-0.6 |
-0.8 |
-0.8 |
2001 |
-0.7 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
2002 |
-0.2 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.8 |
0.9 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.3 |
2003 |
1.1 |
0.8 |
0.4 |
0.0 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
2004 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.7 |
0.8 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
0.7 |
2005 |
0.6 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
0.0 |
-0.2 |
-0.5 |
-0.8 |
2006 |
-0.9 |
-0.7 |
-0.5 |
-0.3 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.5 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
1.0 |
2007 |
0.7 |
0.3 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
-0.6 |
-0.8 |
-1.1 |
-1.2 |
-1.4 |
2008 |
-1.5 |
-1.5 |
-1.2 |
-0.9 |
-0.7 |
-0.5 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.1 |
-0.2 |
-0.5 |
-0.7 |
2009 |
-0.8 |
-0.7 |
-0.5 |
-0.2 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.8 |
1.1 |
1.4 |
1.6 |
2010 |
1.6 |
1.3 |
1.0 |
0.6 |
0.1 |
-0.4 |
-0.9 |
-1.2 |
-1.4 |
-1.5 |
-1.5 |
-1.5 |
2011 |
-1.4 |
-1.2 |
-0.9 |
-0.6 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.4 |
-0.6 |
-0.8 |
-1.0 |
-1.0 |
2012 |
-0.9 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
0.0 |
0.1 |
0.4 |
0.5 |
0.6 |
0.2 |
-0.3 |
2013 |
-0.6 |
-0.6 |
-0.4 |
-0.2 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.3 |
-0.2 |
-0.3 |
-0.4 |
2014 |
-0.6 |
-0.6 |
-0.5 |
-0.1 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
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