- ...spin1
- Historically, the term spin had (and sometimes
has) a narrower meaning than angular momentum. Picture an electron
in an atom. Sacrificing some accuracy on the altar of visual imagery,
think of the electron as orbiting about the nucleus, and spinning on its
axis. The orbital motion gives rise to so-called orbital angular momentum;
the spinning gives rise to so-called intrinsic or spin angular momentum.
- ... momentum2
- And
traditionally stands for orbital angular momentum, and
stands for spin
angular momentum.
- ... component.3
- People sometimes
use
instead of
to denote this.
- ... somehow4
- Not so
trivial, because the three component measurements are mutually
incompatible; it is theoretically impossible to measure
and
simultaneously (for example). Nonetheless, the combination
is measurable.
- ...
corrections5
- Specifically, Bohr's energy levels agree exactly with
those derived from Schrödinger's equation, when we neglect the spin of
the electron, the spin of the proton, and relativistic effects. (Spin
itself is sometimes considered a relativistic effect.)
- ... above).6
- Sommerfeld gave a single more general quantum
condition which implied the quantum conditions for
,
, and
as
special cases. So Sommerfeld's approach was not so ad-hoc as this summary
makes it look.
- ... model7
- Bohr did not make use of the quantum
number
; instead, he had
slots at level
(
),
each capable of holding
electrons. Note that this is actually
incorrect.
- ... vector8
- We mean an
ordinary 3-space vector, not a vector in a (complex) Hilbert space.
- ...
system9
- ignoring any motion of the proton, a good approximation
- ...
publish10
- Alfred Landé independently came up with the same
half-integer trick. He did publish, and so attached his name to the
Landé
-factor.
- ...
together).11
- These lines are responsible for the color of sodium vapor
lamps used on many highways.
- ... spectrum.12
- The sodium D-lines provide
an example. The quartet and the higher doublet both have
and
; their
's are
and
.
- ... ``small''13
- In particular cases, ``small'' and
``slowly'' can be given more definite meaning. For example, we may be able
to write
as a power series in something;
might contain the second
and higher order terms.